Technology Instruction: Operating Systems

The current version of the Windows OS is Windows 11. It is essentially an upgraded version of the previous OS (Windows 10), rather than a complete overhaul. Many functions stayed similar in the jump from 10 to 11, alongside new additions like the Copilot AI and the ability to snap windows.

Windows can run on several different manufacturer's computers, such as HP, Lenovo, Acer, Dell, Samsung, ASUS, and Microsoft's own Surface devices.

As of July 2025, Microsoft has not yet made any announcements about when Windows 12 will be released.

Note: Microsoft is discontinuing support for Windows 10 on October 14, 2025. This does not mean devices with Windows 10 will suddenly no longer be operable. You can continue using a Windows 10 device, but it will stop receiving any security updates. This can make your machine more vulnerable to being hacked.

Apple computers run the macOS. The current version as of July 2025 is macOS Sequoia 15. It was recently announced that the next version, macOS Tahoe 26, is releasing this fall. Each OS version is given a name of a California landmark. The sudden jump in numbering reflects a desire to match the current year, as the macOS receives updates about that frequently.

The macOS can only be run on Mac computers. It has a different layout than Windows systems, so users who are used to one may find it a bit tricky to switch to the other (although it certainly can be done). Keyboards for Mac computers also have a few different keys, such as a Command button instead of Ctrl.

There are currently no Mac-specific technology instruction classes at the library, but you can always bring any Apple device to Open Lab sessions for assistance.

Linux is an open source OS, which means it is free for anyone to use. Those who have a more in-depth understanding of computers can make Linux work the way they want it to, as it is highly customizable. There are multiple different Linux versions, called distros/distributions. One of the most common distributions is called Ubuntu.

Linux is used to make the base of several other systems. The ChromeOS is run on a Linux kernel (the part of an OS that runs the CPU, or brain, of the computer), and the Android OS is run on a modified version of the kernel.

Although it can look intimidating, Linux is known for its security, reliability, and ease of install. However, troubleshooting can be difficult especially due to lack of centralized support. If you're just starting out with computers, you might want to focus on an OS that will be easy to find assistance with.

Google Chromebook laptops use the ChromeOS. This system was made with cloud computing in mind, so it prioritizes Google's cloud-based programs (Docs, Sheets, etc.). Much of Google's advertising of the OS focuses on business use, but it is also an option for educational or personal use as well.

The ChromeOS has less capability to run apps and programs, so those looking to use it for gaming or application-heavy tasks may find it restrictive. The focus on cloud functionality means it can be more restrictive to use without an internet connection, but many of the Google apps do have the option to enable offline saving. The OS is very good for those looking for a computer experience that isn't clogged with a bunch of programs they don't need or understand.

There is also a version of the OS that can be installed onto PCs and Mac computers, called the ChromeOS Flex.